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ATI TEAS 7 Science Anatomy & Physiology Review (2026 Edition)
Nurse Cheung
50:19
Overview
This video provides a comprehensive review of human anatomy and physiology, specifically tailored for the ATI TEAS 7 exam. It covers essential anatomical terminology, directional terms, and body planes. The video then systematically breaks down each major body system, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, nervous, muscular, reproductive, integumentary, endocrine, urinary, immune, and skeletal systems. For each system, it details the key structures, functions, and common conditions or factors that can affect them. The review emphasizes the relationships between different systems and highlights crucial concepts for exam success, such as the roles of hormones, enzymes, and feedback mechanisms. The content is presented in a clear, organized manner to aid in understanding and retention for aspiring healthcare professionals.
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Chapters
- •Anatomy and Physiology are crucial for healthcare college entrance exams like the ATI TEAS.
- •The TEAS 7 Science section includes 44 questions, with 18 specifically on Anatomy & Physiology.
- •Key areas to know include general orientation, body systems, and anatomical terminology.
- •Body systems covered: Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Digestive, Nervous, Muscular, Reproductive, Integumentary, Endocrine, Urinary, Immune, Skeletal.
- •Understanding anatomical terms for body regions (e.g., cranial, facial, cervical, thoracic, abdominal, brachial, patellar).
- •Directional terms define location relative to the body (anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal).
- •Body planes divide the body: sagittal (right/left), frontal/coronal (anterior/posterior), and transverse (superior/inferior).
- •Function: Gas exchange (oxygen in, carbon dioxide out), pH balance.
- •Structures: Nose, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs.
- •Lungs have different lobes (right: 3, left: 2 due to heart placement).
- •Mechanics: Diaphragm contraction/relaxation drives inhalation/exhalation.
- •Factors affecting: Diseases (pneumonia, asthma), mucus, smoking, pollution, allergies.
- •Components: Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries), blood.
- •Heart: Four chambers (atria, ventricles), septum.
- •Blood Vessels: Arteries (oxygen-rich), Veins (oxygen-poor), Capillaries (exchange sites).
- •Cardiac Cycle: Systole (contraction, 'lub' sound), Diastole (relaxation, 'dub' sound).
- •Electrical System: SA node (pacemaker), AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers.
- •Functions: Delivery of O2/nutrients, waste removal, blood pressure regulation, temperature control, pH balance.
- •Components: GI tract (mouth to anus) and accessory organs (teeth, liver, pancreas, etc.).
- •GI Tract: Mouth (mechanical/chemical digestion), esophagus (peristalsis), stomach (storage, acid), small intestine (main digestion/absorption), large intestine (water/electrolyte absorption), rectum (storage).
- •Accessory Organs: Aid in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
- •Key Enzymes/Hormones: Gastrin, CCK, Secretin, Insulin, Glucagon, Bile.
- •Divisions: Central Nervous System (CNS - brain, spinal cord) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS - nerves).
- •Neuron Structure: Cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, synapse.
- •Neuron Types: Sensory (afferent) and Motor (efferent).
- •Motor Pathways: Autonomic (involuntary) and Somatic (voluntary).
- •Function: Transmits signals between body and brain.
- •Muscle Types: Skeletal (voluntary, striated), Cardiac (involuntary, striated), Smooth (involuntary, non-striated).
- •Function: Movement, force generation through contraction.
- •Nerve-Muscle Interaction: Nerves signal muscles to contract.
- •Over 700 muscles, making up ~50% of body weight.
- •Male Reproductive: Testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, penis.
- •Female Reproductive: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva.
- •Endocrine Hormones: GnRH, FSH, LH, Testosterone, Estrogen, Progesterone regulate reproductive functions.
- •Hormonal cycles control egg maturation, ovulation, menstruation, and sperm production.
- •Components: Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands.
- •Skin Layers: Epidermis (outer, protective), Dermis (middle, vessels/nerves), Hypodermis (inner, fat/connective tissue).
- •Functions: Protection (barrier, melanin), temperature regulation (sweating, vasodilation/constriction), sensation (nerve endings).
- •Glands: Pituitary (master gland), Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads (testes/ovaries).
- •Hormones: Regulate growth, metabolism, reproduction, mood, stress response.
- •Hormone Types: Lipid-based, non-polar fat-soluble, water-soluble.
- •Feedback Mechanisms: Positive (amplifies change, e.g., oxytocin in labor) and Negative (reverses change, e.g., insulin for blood sugar).
- •Structures: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
- •Kidney Function: Filter blood, produce urine, regulate blood pressure, produce erythropoietin.
- •Nephron: Functional unit of the kidney (glomerulus, tubule).
- •Relationship with Cardiovascular System: Transports blood for filtration, receives erythropoietin.
- •Defenses: Innate (first line - skin, mucous membranes, inflammation) and Adaptive (second line - lymphatic system, WBCs, antibodies).
- •Innate Response: Inflammatory response, phagocytes.
- •Adaptive Response: Antigens, antigen-presenting cells, T cells (helper, cytotoxic), B cells, antibodies, memory cells.
- •Immunities: Passive (received antibodies) and Active (body produces antibodies).
- •Components: Bones, joints, ligaments.
- •Bone Types: Long, short, flat, irregular.
- •Bone Tissue: Compact, spongy, cancellous, medullary (marrow for blood cell production).
- •Diseases: Osteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease).
- •Relationship with Muscular System: Muscles move bones via tendons.
Key Takeaways
- 1Master anatomical terminology, directional terms, and body planes for accurate location and description.
- 2Understand the primary structures and functions of each major body system (respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, etc.).
- 3Recognize the interconnectedness of body systems, such as how the cardiovascular system supports the urinary system.
- 4Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscle actions and the types of muscle tissue.
- 5Grasp the roles of hormones in regulating various body functions, especially in the endocrine and reproductive systems.
- 6Identify the components and mechanisms of both innate and adaptive immunity.
- 7Understand the basic structure of bones and their different types.
- 8Be familiar with key physiological processes like the cardiac cycle, gas exchange, and feedback mechanisms (positive/negative).