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INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
50:05

INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Doc Ed Padama

7 chapters7 takeaways12 key terms5 questions

Overview

This video introduces the fundamental concepts of research, explaining its definition, importance, and characteristics. It clarifies that research begins with a problem and ends with a solution, emphasizing the need for verified and validated information for decision-making. The presentation covers the SMART criteria for good research (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound), the objectives of research (contributing to knowledge, self-improvement, product development), and differentiates between quantitative and qualitative research methods and their respective designs. Finally, it provides a template and examples for formulating effective research titles, particularly for Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) students.

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Chapters

  • Research is a combination of 're' (repeat) and 'search,' meaning to look for answers, truth, or new knowledge.
  • The 're' aspect involves verifying and validating information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy and combat misinformation.
  • Verified information is crucial for decision-making, as inaccurate data can lead to significant negative consequences.
  • Research fundamentally starts with a problem or issue and concludes with a solution or answer, not with a title.
Understanding the core definition and principles of research helps learners grasp its purpose and the rigor required to produce reliable knowledge.
The process of verifying information by checking multiple sources to ensure accuracy, similar to how one would fact-check a news article before believing it.
  • Research drives progress and innovation, evident in everyday conveniences like electronic mail replacing slower postal services.
  • It facilitates self-improvement by acquiring new knowledge and opening opportunities, such as presenting findings at international conventions.
  • Research leads to development and improvement in products and processes, preventing stagnation in industries and fields.
  • The primary goal of research is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge, avoiding duplication and building upon previous studies.
Recognizing the broad impact and benefits of research motivates learners by showing its relevance to personal growth, societal advancement, and professional opportunities.
The evolution from snail mail to email, demonstrating how research and technology have made communication faster and more efficient.
  • A good research, or research title, should be Specific, meaning it clearly identifies variables and participants.
  • It must be Measurable, typically implying a quantitative approach where data can be quantified.
  • Research should be Attainable, meaning it is achievable within the given resources and timeframe, with accessible data.
  • It needs to be Relevant, addressing current issues and pertinent to the field of study or society.
  • Finally, research must be Time-bound, with a defined timeframe for completion.
Applying the SMART criteria ensures that research projects are well-defined, feasible, and impactful, increasing the likelihood of successful completion and meaningful outcomes.
Specifying 'selected senior high school students' instead of just 'students' makes the research more specific and manageable.
  • Quantitative research focuses on numerical data and statistical analysis, often using methods like descriptive, correlational, causal-comparative, and experimental designs.
  • Qualitative research explores experiences, meanings, and perspectives through non-numerical data, employing designs such as phenomenology, historical, case study, grounded theory, and ethnography.
  • Descriptive research narrates and measures characteristics of a population or phenomenon.
  • Correlational research examines the relationship between two or more variables.
  • Causal-comparative research investigates the influence or effect of one variable on another.
  • Experimental research manipulates variables to test cause-and-effect relationships, with quasi-experimental and true-experimental being sub-types.
Understanding the different research methods and designs allows learners to select the most appropriate approach for their research questions and objectives.
Investigating the 'relationship between attending webinars and the competency of teachers' is an example of correlational research.
  • Phenomenological research explores the lived experiences of individuals regarding a particular phenomenon.
  • Historical research investigates past events and facts that have implications for the present or future.
  • A case study focuses in-depth on a specific individual, group, product, or event over time.
  • Grounded theory aims to develop a new theory based on systematically gathered and analyzed data.
  • Ethnographic study examines the culture, traditions, and social behaviors of a specific group or community.
Familiarity with qualitative designs enables learners to understand and conduct research that delves into the depth and complexity of human experiences and social phenomena.
Studying the 'lived experiences of teachers amidst online teaching' is an example of phenomenological research.
  • Action research follows a full research process (Chapters 1-5) but culminates in a concrete output like a plan, program, or intervention.
  • IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) is a specific format required for publishing research in scientific journals, not a research type itself.
  • Full research typically involves preliminary materials (title page, acknowledgments, abstract) followed by the main chapters detailing the problem, literature review, methodology, data analysis, and conclusions.
Distinguishing between action research, IMRAD, and standard research formats is crucial for learners to understand publication requirements and the practical application of research findings.
An action research project might develop an 'intervention program to improve student engagement' as its concrete output.
  • A template for research titles includes Goal, Independent Variable (IV), Dependent Variable (DV), Competency, Location, and Output (for action research).
  • The Goal defines the research direction (e.g., to identify effects, relationships, or develop something).
  • The IV is the issue being investigated, while the DV represents what is affected by the IV.
  • Competency refers to the specific area being investigated within the DV, and Location specifies the setting.
  • Titles should be specific, often requiring the identification of precise participants (e.g., 'selected senior high school students') and locations.
Learning to construct well-formed research titles is essential for clearly communicating the scope and focus of a study, ensuring it is specific, relevant, and feasible.
The template helps construct titles like 'The Effect of Gamification on the Academic Performance of Selected Senior High School Students in [School Name].'

Key takeaways

  1. 1Research is a systematic process of inquiry aimed at discovering new knowledge or verifying existing information, driven by a problem or question.
  2. 2The validity and reliability of research findings are paramount, especially when used for decision-making.
  3. 3Good research is characterized by the SMART criteria: Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, and Time-bound.
  4. 4Choosing between quantitative and qualitative research methods depends on the nature of the research question and the type of data needed.
  5. 5Each research design (e.g., descriptive, correlational, phenomenological) serves a distinct purpose in exploring phenomena.
  6. 6Action research focuses on practical problem-solving with tangible outputs, while IMRAD is a publication format.
  7. 7Crafting a specific and focused research title is a critical first step that guides the entire research process.

Key terms

ResearchVerificationValidationSMART criteriaQuantitative ResearchQualitative ResearchIndependent Variable (IV)Dependent Variable (DV)Action ResearchIMRAD FormatPhenomenologyEthnography

Test your understanding

  1. 1What is the fundamental difference between how quantitative and qualitative research gather and analyze data?
  2. 2Why is it important for research information to be verified and validated before being used for decision-making?
  3. 3How does the SMART criteria help in planning and executing a research project effectively?
  4. 4What are the key distinctions between correlational research and causal-comparative research?
  5. 5How can the provided template for research titles help a student formulate a specific and focused study topic?

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