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This, That, These, Those Konu Anlatımı #10
İngilizce Konu Anlatımı - Özer Kiraz
Overview
This video explains the demonstrative pronouns and adjectives 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' and 'those' in English. It moves beyond the simple 'near/far' rule to explore their various grammatical functions as subjects, objects, and modifiers. The explanation covers singular and plural forms, their use with and without nouns, and their ability to refer to abstract concepts or situations. The video emphasizes practical application through examples and exercises, aiming to build a solid understanding for learners.
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Chapters
- Demonstratives (this, that, these, those) indicate specific nouns.
- They can function as subjects or objects in a sentence.
- Their meaning can change based on their position and whether they modify a noun.
- Understanding their grammatical roles is key, not just memorizing 'near/far'.
This chapter sets the stage by introducing the core demonstratives and promising a deeper understanding beyond simple proximity rules, encouraging learners to focus on grammatical function.
The speaker mentions that 'this, that, these, and those' can take on different meanings based on their position in a sentence.
- 'This' means 'this' (singular) and can be a subject or object, with or without a noun.
- 'This is her book' (subject, no noun).
- 'This book is white' (subject, with noun).
- 'These' means 'these' or 'this' (plural or singular) and functions similarly.
- 'These are her books' (subject, no noun).
- 'These books are white' (subject, with noun, meaning 'this' or 'these').
Understanding how 'this' and 'these' function as both subjects and objects, with and without accompanying nouns, is fundamental to constructing basic English sentences correctly.
Comparing 'This book is white' (this book) with 'These books are white' (these books) to illustrate singular vs. plural and the potential for 'these' to mean 'this' when modifying a noun.
- 'That' means 'that' or 'that one' (singular) and 'those' means 'those' or 'those ones' (plural).
- They function similarly to 'this' and 'these' as subjects or objects, with or without nouns.
- 'That' and 'those' can also act as demonstrative adjectives, meaning 'that' or 'that specific' when preceding a noun.
- English has two ways to express 'that/those': as pronouns (like 'it') or as demonstrative adjectives (like 'that man').
- 'That' is the most frequently used demonstrative due to its additional uses.
This section clarifies the dual role of 'that' and 'those' as both pronouns and adjectives, explaining why 'that' is so common and how it can refer to abstract situations.
Illustrating the difference between 'That is her book' (pronoun) and 'That book is white' (adjective), and explaining that 'that' can also refer to a situation, as in 'My cat is sick. That is so sad.'
- Demonstratives can be used to refer to people ('This is my aunt').
- 'That' can refer to a previously mentioned situation or idea ('That is so sad').
- The video includes film clips and exercises to reinforce learning.
- Exercises involve translating Turkish sentences into English using the correct demonstrative.
Seeing demonstratives used in context, through film clips and translation exercises, helps solidify understanding and demonstrates their practical application in real-world communication.
The exercise translating 'Bu evimiz' to 'This is our house' and 'Şu senin bardağın' to 'That's your glass' demonstrates the direct application of the rules learned.
Key takeaways
- Demonstratives like 'this,' 'that,' 'these,' and 'those' are versatile words that can function as pronouns or adjectives.
- While proximity is a factor, grammatical role (subject/object) and modification of a noun are more critical for correct usage.
- 'This' and 'these' are primarily for things near the speaker, while 'that' and 'those' are for things further away.
- When used with a noun, 'this' and 'that' refer to singular items, and 'these' and 'those' refer to plural items.
- 'That' has a unique ability to refer to abstract situations or ideas, not just physical objects.
- Mastering demonstratives requires understanding their position in the sentence and their relationship to the nouns they refer to or replace.
- Practice through examples and translation is essential for durable learning of these concepts.
Key terms
Demonstrative PronounsDemonstrative AdjectivesSubject PositionObject PositionSingularPluralModifyAbstract Concept
Test your understanding
- How does the grammatical function of 'this' change when it is used alone versus when it precedes a noun?
- Explain the difference in meaning and usage between 'that' as a pronoun and 'that' as a demonstrative adjective.
- Why is 'that' considered the most frequently used demonstrative, and what are its unique applications?
- How can you determine whether to use 'this' or 'these' when referring to objects?
- What is the primary challenge in understanding 'that' and 'those' compared to 'this' and 'these'?