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Fiilimsiler | 8.Sınıf
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Overview
This video introduces the concept of "fiilimsiler" (verbal nouns/participles) in Turkish grammar, which are words derived from verbs but function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs. The lesson explains how to identify fiilimsiler by checking if their root is a verb and if they can take negative prefixes. It then details the three main types: isim fiil (verbal nouns), sıfat fiil (participles acting as adjectives), and zarf fiil (participles acting as adverbs), providing specific suffixes and examples for each. Crucially, it highlights common confusions, such as distinguishing between the isim fiil suffix 'ma' and the negative prefix 'ma', and recognizing when words with these suffixes have become set, permanent nouns (kalıcı isimler) and are no longer considered fiilimsiler.
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Chapters
- Fiilimsiler are words derived from verbs that lose some verb characteristics but retain others.
- A word is a fiilimsi if its root is a verb and it can take a negative prefix (e.g., 'gelmemek').
- Unlike verbs, fiilimsiler cannot take person or tense suffixes.
- The main verb of a sentence is always a conjugated verb, not a fiilimsi.
Understanding fiilimsiler is crucial for comprehending complex sentence structures and for accurately identifying different word types in Turkish.
In 'Markete uğrayıp kahve alacağım,' 'uğrayıp' is a fiilimsi because its root 'uğramak' is a verb, it can be negated ('uğramayıp'), and it doesn't take person/tense markers, unlike the main verb 'alacağım'.
- Isim fiiller are formed by adding suffixes like 'ma', 'ış', 'mak' (often remembered by the code 'mayışmak') to verb roots.
- They function as nouns, often acting as the subject or object of a sentence.
- The 'ma' suffix for isim fiil must be distinguished from the negative prefix 'ma'.
- Words like 'dolma' (stuffed grape leaves) or 'ekmek' (bread) can become 'kalıcı isimler' (permanent nouns) if they refer to a specific object or food, and are no longer considered isim fiiller.
Recognizing isim fiiller helps in identifying noun phrases and understanding actions or states as concepts.
In 'Resim çizmek beni dinlendirir,' 'çizmek' is an isim fiil because 'çizmek' is a verb root, and 'mek' is an isim fiil suffix. It can be negated as 'çizmeyip'.
- Sıfat fiiller are formed by adding suffixes like 'an', 'ası', 'mez', 'ar', 'dık', 'dik', 'ecek', 'miş' (often remembered by 'Anası mezar dikecekmiş') to verb roots.
- They function like adjectives, modifying nouns.
- A sıfat fiil often forms a compound noun phrase with the noun it modifies (e.g., 'bitiren öğrenciler').
- Some sıfat fiiller can become 'kalıcı isimler' (e.g., 'dolmuş' - minibus) or form 'adlaşmış sıfat fiil' (adjectival participles) when the noun they modify is dropped (e.g., 'çalışanlar' instead of 'çalışan insanlar').
Sıfat fiiller allow for more descriptive language by turning verbs into adjective-like modifiers, enriching sentence detail.
In 'Sınavını bitiren öğrenciler dışarı çıktı,' 'bitiren' is a sıfat fiil because 'bitirmek' is a verb root and 'en' is a sıfat fiil suffix, modifying 'öğrenciler'.
- Zarf fiiller are formed using a variety of suffixes, often indicating time or manner (e.g., 'ken', 'alı', 'ası', 'ince', 'ip', 'dıkça', 'a', 'erek', 'medan', 'meksizin', 'dığında').
- They function as adverbs, modifying the main verb by answering 'when?' or 'how?'.
- It's important to distinguish zarf fiil suffixes from similar-looking suffixes on non-verb roots (e.g., 'çocukken' is an adverb, not a zarf fiil, because 'çocuk' is a noun).
- The suffix 'ken' attached to a noun does not create a zarf fiil.
Zarf fiiller add crucial context to actions, explaining the circumstances under which they occur, thus providing a deeper understanding of the narrative.
In 'Gülümseyerek elini sıktı,' 'gülümseyerek' is a zarf fiil because 'gülümsemek' is a verb root, 'erek' is a zarf fiil suffix, and it answers the question 'how?' (how did he shake her hand?).
Key takeaways
- Fiilimsiler are verb-derived words that function as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs, but lack personal and tense endings.
- The core test for a fiilimsi is whether its root is a verb and if it can be negated.
- Distinguishing between isim fiil suffixes and negative prefixes is essential to avoid errors.
- Be aware that some words with fiilimsi-like suffixes have become permanent nouns ('kalıcı isimler') and are no longer considered fiilimsiler.
- Sıfat fiiller modify nouns, while zarf fiiller modify verbs, providing descriptive and contextual information.
- Always identify the main verb of a sentence first before searching for fiilimsiler to prevent confusion.
- Understanding the function (noun, adjective, adverb) of the fiilimsi within the sentence aids in correct identification.
Key terms
Fiilimsiİsim FiilSıfat FiilZarf FiilKök FiilMastar EkiKalıcı İsimOlumsuzluk EkiKip EkiAdlaşmış Sıfat Fiil
Test your understanding
- What is the primary difference between a conjugated verb and a fiilimsi?
- How can you differentiate between the isim fiil suffix 'ma' and the negative prefix 'ma'?
- What is the significance of identifying 'kalıcı isimler' when analyzing fiilimsiler?
- How do sıfat fiiller and zarf fiiller differ in their function within a sentence?
- Why is it important to first identify the main verb of a sentence before looking for fiilimsiler?