9) Yazım Kuralları - 2 | Aker KARTAL - 2027

Retro Yayıncılık

5 chapters7 takeaways11 key terms5 questions

Overview

This video explains key Turkish spelling and punctuation rules, focusing on the correct usage of the apostrophe (kesme işareti) and capitalization. It covers rules for institution and organization names, abbreviations, dates, days of the week, holidays, and specific literary terms like Arabic/Persian compound words and period names. The instructor emphasizes understanding the logic behind the rules to avoid common errors, especially those tested in standardized exams.

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Chapters

Suffixes added to names of institutions and organizations are not separated by an apostrophe.
This rule applies to all such names, including schools and museums, not just government bodies.
The only exception is 'Avrupa Birliği' (European Union), as it's not considered a standard institution name in this context.
This rule is frequently tested in exams, often involving incorrect apostrophe usage.

Correctly applying this rule ensures clarity and adherence to standard Turkish orthography, preventing common errors that can lead to point deductions in exams.

Writing 'Türk Dil Kurumu'na' (to the Turkish Language Association) instead of 'Türk Dil Kurumu'na'.

For abbreviations of institutions where the last letter is a vowel (e.g., YEDAŞ), suffixes are added directly.
For abbreviations where the last letter is a consonant (e.g., TDK, SGK, TSK), suffixes are added based on the pronunciation of the last letter, not the letter itself.
When abbreviations are written in lowercase, suffixes are typically separated by a period, except for units of weight and length.
For units of weight and length written in lowercase (e.g., cm, kg, m), suffixes are separated by an apostrophe, and the suffix is based on the full pronunciation.
If an abbreviation involves a superscript number (e.g., metrekare, santimetreküp), no punctuation is used before the suffix.

Understanding the nuances of suffix attachment to abbreviations, especially the distinction between periods and apostrophes, is crucial for accurate writing and is a common area for exam questions.

Writing 'cm'ye' (to the centimeter) with an apostrophe, as 'cm' is a unit of length, versus 'TDK'nin' (of TDK) without an apostrophe.

The word 'gün' (day) is capitalized only when referring to a specific, named holiday (e.g., Anneler Günü - Mother's Day).
The word 'Bayram' (holiday) is capitalized when part of a specific holiday name (e.g., Ramazan Bayramı - Ramadan Holiday).
When a specific date is given (day, month, year), the month and day are capitalized.
If a specific date is not given (e.g., 'the second Friday of December'), the month and day are written in lowercase.
When a month is paired with a year, the month is capitalized because it refers to a unique instance of that month within that year.

Correct capitalization of dates, days, and holidays distinguishes between general references and specific named events, impacting the formal correctness of written Turkish.

'7 Aralık' (December 7th) is capitalized, but 'Aralığın ikinci cuması' (the second Friday of December) would have 'aralığın' in lowercase if not at the start of a sentence.

Arabic and Persian compound words retain their original spelling if they are part of a specific work's title (e.g., a book or poem title).
If these compound words are not part of a specific work's title, they are written as a single, combined word.
Names of periods and eras (e.g., Tanzimat Dönemi, Orta Çağ) are always capitalized.
The words 'gazete' (newspaper) and 'dergi' (magazine) are generally written in lowercase, except for specific official publications like 'Resmi Gazete'.
The word 'edebiyat' (literature) is capitalized if it's part of a named period (e.g., Milli Edebiyat Dönemi) but lowercase otherwise (e.g., halk edebiyatı).

This section clarifies complex rules for compound words and literary terms, ensuring accurate representation of titles, historical periods, and publications, which are common in academic and literary contexts.

'Divanü Lügat-it-Türk' is written with spaces because it's a book title, while 'Kuvâ-yi Milliye' is written as one word because it's not a specific title.

Conjunctions like 'ile' (and/with), 've' (and), 'yahut' (or) are written in lowercase when they appear between words in a title or sentence.
The only exception for conjunction capitalization is if all letters in the entire title or phrase are capitalized.
The video concludes with a comprehensive review of all the rules discussed, emphasizing their importance for exams.
The instructor encourages learners to practice these rules diligently.

Understanding the capitalization rules for conjunctions prevents common errors in titles and sentences, ensuring grammatical correctness and demonstrating attention to detail.

'Vatan Yahut Silistre' is written with a lowercase 'y' for 'yahut', as it's a conjunction within the title.

Key takeaways

1Suffixes are generally not separated by apostrophes when attached to institution and organization names.
2The capitalization of months and days depends on whether a specific date is provided or if it refers to a named holiday.
3Abbreviations require careful attention to punctuation (period vs. apostrophe) based on whether they are lowercase and their type (general vs. weight/length unit).
4Arabic/Persian compound words retain original spelling if they are titles of works, but are combined if not.
5Conjunctions within titles or sentences are typically written in lowercase unless the entire phrase is in uppercase.
6Period and era names are always capitalized in Turkish orthography.
7Mastering these specific rules is essential for success in Turkish language standardized tests.

Key terms

Kesme İşareti (Apostrophe)Kurum ve Kuruluş Adları (Institution and Organization Names)Kısaltmalar (Abbreviations)Ağırlık ve Uzunluk Birimleri (Units of Weight and Length)Üslü Sayılar (Exponents/Superscript Numbers)Bayram (Holiday)Özel Gün (Special Day)Arapça ve Farsça Tamlamalar (Arabic and Persian Compounds)Eser Adı (Work Title)Dönem ve Çağ Adları (Period and Era Names)Bağlaç (Conjunction)

Test your understanding

1Under what specific condition is an apostrophe used when adding a suffix to an abbreviation representing a unit of weight or length?
2Why are month and day names capitalized when a specific date is mentioned, but not when referring to a general day or a non-specific date?
3How does the spelling of Arabic and Persian compound words differ when they are part of a literary work's title versus when they are used in a general context?
4What is the general rule for adding suffixes to institution and organization names, and what is the single exception to this rule?
5Explain the difference in punctuation when adding suffixes to lowercase abbreviations like 'cm' versus abbreviations like 'TDK'.