Part of JOC-07 — Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Amino Acids, Nucleic Acids

Vitamins and Deficiency Diseases — Quick Reference Table

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wordcountword_{count}: 200

Water-soluble (daily intake needed, excess excreted): B1/Thiamine → Beriberi. B2/Riboflavin → Cheilosis. B3/Niacin → Pellagra (3 D's: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia). B6/Pyridoxine → Convulsions. B12/Cobalamin → Pernicious anemia (only vitamin with a metal — cobalt). Folic acid → Megaloblastic anemia. Biotin (B7) → Dermatitis. C/Ascorbic acid → Scurvy. Fat-soluble (stored in liver/fat, can accumulate toxically — "ADEK"): A/Retinol → Night blindness, Xerophthalmia. D/Calciferol → Rickets (children), Osteomalacia (adults). Synthesized in skin + UV. E/Tocopherol → Infertility, neurological issues. Antioxidant. K/Phylloquinone → Impaired blood clotting (needed for prothrombin synthesis). Coenzyme connections (frequently tested): B1 → TPP (pyruvate dehydrogenase). B2 → FAD (electron transport). B3 → NAD+/NADP+ (redox reactions). B5/Pantothenic acid → Coenzyme A (fatty acid metabolism). B6 → PLP (transamination). B12 → methylation reactions. JEE focuses on: vitamin-disease matching, water vs fat-soluble classification, coenzyme connections, and special features (B12 has cobalt, D synthesized from UV).

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