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Part of PP-04 — Transport in Plants & Mineral Nutrition

Transport in Plants & Mineral Nutrition — Key Numbers & Data

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Parameter	Value
Total essential elements	17
Macronutrients	9 (C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S)
Micronutrients	8 (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B, Cl, Ni)
Water potential of pure water	0 (by convention)
ATP required per $N_{2}$ fixed	16 ATP
Electrons required per $N_{2}$ fixed	8 $e^{-}$
Protons required per $N_{2}$ fixed	8 $H^{+}$
$NH_{3}$ produced per $N_{2}$ fixed	2 $NH_{3}$
Stomatal transpiration	90–95% of total transpiration
Cuticular transpiration	5–10% of total transpiration
Lenticular transpiration	<1% (negligible)
Incipient plasmolysis	Ψp = 0

Key molecular identities:

Nitrogenase cofactor: Molybdenum-Iron (Mo-Fe) protein
Leghemoglobin: iron-containing oxygen-binding protein (red pigment) in legume nodules
Casparian strip composition: suberin (a hydrophobic polymer)
Guard cell signal for closure: ABA (abscisic acid)
Cohesion-tension theory authors: Dixon and Joly
Essentiality criteria authors: Arnon and Stout

Named diseases (element → disease → plant):

Mo → Whiptail disease → Cauliflower
B → Internal cork → Apple; Stout stalk → Celery
Zn → Little leaf disease; Khaira disease → Rice
Mn → Grey speck → Oats; Interveinal chlorosis
Cl → Wilting of leaf tips
Ni → Leaf tip necrosis

Organisms in nitrogen cycle:

$NH_{3}$ → $NO_{2}^{-}$ : Nitrosomonas (chemoautotroph)
$NO_{2}^{-}$ → $NO_{3}^{-}$ : Nitrobacter (chemoautotroph)
$NO_{3}^{-}$ → $N_{2}$ : Pseudomonas, Thiobacillus (denitrifiers)
$N_{2}$ → $NH_{3}$ symbiotic: Rhizobium (legumes), Frankia (Alnus, Casuarina)
$N_{2}$ → $NH_{3}$ free-living aerobic: Azotobacter, Azospirillum
$N_{2}$ → $NH_{3}$ free-living anaerobic: Clostridium
$N_{2}$ → $NH_{3}$ in heterocysts: Anabaena, Nostoc

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