Fundamental Constants

Core Formulas

$n = \frac{\text{mass (g)}}{\text{molar mass (g/mol)}}$

$N = n \times N_A$

$V_{\text{STP}} = n \times 22.4 \ \text{L}$

$\% \text{ element} = \frac{n \times M_{\text{atom}}}{M_r} \times 100$

$n_{\text{multiplier}} = \frac{M_r}{M_{\text{EF}}}$

Concentration Formulas

$M = \frac{1000 \times d \times w\%}{M_r \times 100}$

$m = \frac{1000 \times w\%}{M_r \times (100 - w\%)}$

$N = M \times n\text{-factor}$

$\text{Equivalent weight} = \frac{M_r}{n\text{-factor}}$

$x_A = \frac{n_A}{n_A + n_B + \ldots}$

$\sum x_i = 1$

Key Data Points