SVG Ray Diagram: Concave Mirror at Minimum Deviation Equivalent (Summary Diagram)
$F_{1}$ $F_{2}$ O Object Image (real, inverted) Convex Lens: Object beyond 2F → Real Inverted Image between F and 2FImage Formation Summary Table
| Mirror/Lens | Object Position | Image | Nature | m |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concave mirror | At infinity | At F | Real, inverted | Highly diminished |
| Concave mirror | Beyond 2F | Between F and 2F | Real, inverted | Diminished |
| Concave mirror | At 2F | At 2F | Real, inverted | m = −1, same size |
| Concave mirror | Between F and 2F | Beyond 2F | Real, inverted | Magnified |
| Concave mirror | At F | At ∞ | Real, inverted | Highly magnified |
| Concave mirror | Between F and P | Behind mirror | Virtual, erect | Magnified |
| Convex mirror | Anywhere | Between P and F (behind) | Virtual, erect | Diminished |
| Convex lens | Beyond 2F | Between F and 2F (other side) | Real, inverted | Diminished |
| Convex lens | At 2F | At 2F (other side) | Real, inverted | m = −1 |
| Convex lens | Between F and 2F | Beyond 2F (other side) | Real, inverted | Magnified |
| Convex lens | At F | At ∞ | — | — |
| Convex lens | Between F and O | Same side as object | Virtual, erect | Magnified |
| Concave lens | Anywhere | Between O and F (same side) | Virtual, erect | Diminished |
Formula Comparison Table
| Quantity | Mirror | Lens |
|---|---|---|
| Formula | 1/v + 1/u = 1/f | 1/v − 1/u = 1/f |
| Magnification | m = **−**v/u | m = v/u |
| Converging | Concave (f < 0) | Convex (f > 0) |
| Diverging | Convex (f > 0) | Concave (f < 0) |
| Real image | v < 0 | v > 0 |
| Virtual image | v > 0 | v < 0 |