Part of OP-01 — Ray Optics

Overview — Ray Diagrams and Formula Tables

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SVG Ray Diagram: Concave Mirror at Minimum Deviation Equivalent (Summary Diagram)

$F_{1}$ $F_{2}$ O Object Image (real, inverted) Convex Lens: Object beyond 2F → Real Inverted Image between F and 2F

Image Formation Summary Table

Mirror/LensObject PositionImageNaturem
Concave mirrorAt infinityAt FReal, invertedHighly diminished
Concave mirrorBeyond 2FBetween F and 2FReal, invertedDiminished
Concave mirrorAt 2FAt 2FReal, invertedm = −1, same size
Concave mirrorBetween F and 2FBeyond 2FReal, invertedMagnified
Concave mirrorAt FAt ∞Real, invertedHighly magnified
Concave mirrorBetween F and PBehind mirrorVirtual, erectMagnified
Convex mirrorAnywhereBetween P and F (behind)Virtual, erectDiminished
Convex lensBeyond 2FBetween F and 2F (other side)Real, invertedDiminished
Convex lensAt 2FAt 2F (other side)Real, invertedm = −1
Convex lensBetween F and 2FBeyond 2F (other side)Real, invertedMagnified
Convex lensAt FAt ∞
Convex lensBetween F and OSame side as objectVirtual, erectMagnified
Concave lensAnywhereBetween O and F (same side)Virtual, erectDiminished

Formula Comparison Table

QuantityMirrorLens
Formula1/v + 1/u = 1/f1/v 1/u = 1/f
Magnificationm = **−**v/um = v/u
ConvergingConcave (f < 0)Convex (f > 0)
DivergingConvex (f > 0)Concave (f < 0)
Real imagev < 0v > 0
Virtual imagev > 0v < 0

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