Morphology & Anatomy of Flowering Plants: Quick Review (10 Sentences)

Potato is a stem modification (underground tuber with eyes = axillary buds), while sweet potato is a root modification (tuberous adventitious root with no buds).
Rhizomes (ginger), bulbs (onion), and corms (Colocasia) are underground stem modifications distinguished by their structural features (nodes, fleshy scale leaves, solid upright form respectively).
Fabaceae is uniquely identified by zygomorphic flowers, vexillary aestivation, diadelphous stamens (9+1), marginal placentation, and legume/pod fruit.
Brassicaceae has cruciform petals, tetradynamous stamens (4 long + 2 short), parietal placentation, and siliqua or silicula fruit.
Asteraceae is characterised by a capitulum inflorescence, syngenesious stamens (anthers fused), an inferior ovary, and cypsela fruit with a pappus.
Poaceae florets contain lodicules (vestigial perianth), 3 versatile-anther stamens, feathery stigma for wind pollination, and caryopsis fruit (pericarp fused with seed coat).
Parenchyma (living, thin-walled), collenchyma (living, pectin-thickened corners), and sclerenchyma (dead at maturity, lignin-thickened) are the three simple permanent tissues.
Sieve tubes are living but enucleated at maturity and rely on nucleated companion cells for metabolic support, unlike xylem vessels which are completely dead.
Dicot stems have vascular bundles arranged in a ring (conjoint, open with cambium) allowing secondary growth; monocot stems have scattered closed vascular bundles with no cambium and no secondary growth.
Dicot leaves are dorsiventral (differentiated palisade + spongy mesophyll), while monocot leaves are isobilateral (undifferentiated mesophyll with bulliform cells that facilitate leaf rolling during water stress).