Part of ALG-10 — Mathematical Induction & Summation

Method of Differences

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When a sequence's general term isn't obvious, compute differences. If first differences dkd_k=ak+1a_{k+1}-aka_k form an AP, the sequence is quadratic: ana_n=An2+Bn+CAn^{2+Bn+C}. If differences form a GP, sum the geometric series. For partial sums: if SnS_n is given, then ana_n=S_{n-S}_{n-1} (for n>=2, with a1a_1=S1S_1). This recovers the general term from the partial sum formula. The method of differences also helps identify the general term of sequences like 2,5,10,17,26,...: differences are 3,5,7,9,...(AP with d=2), so ana_n is quadratic. Using three values: ana_n=n2+1n^{2+1}.

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