The five connectives and their truth behaviors: Negation (~p): flips T to F and F to T. Conjunction (p AND q): true only when both p and q are true. Disjunction (p OR q): false only when both are false (inclusive OR, not exclusive). Conditional (p => q): false ONLY when p is true and q is false; true in all other cases (including when p is false — vacuous truth). Biconditional (p <=> q): true when p and q have the same truth value (both true or both false). Truth tables with n variables have 2^n rows. To build a truth table, list all combinations of T/F, then evaluate the compound expression column by column from the innermost subexpression outward. Two compound statements are logically equivalent if their truth table columns are identical in every row.