Fever cycle intervals in malaria:

• P. vivax (benign tertian): fever every 48 hours
• P. falciparum (malignant tertian): fever every 48 hours (sometimes irregular; most dangerous)
• P. malariae (quartan): fever every 72 hours

Immunoglobulin classes (5 types — "GAMED"):

• IgG — most abundant (~75% of serum Ig); crosses placenta; long half-life (~23 days)
• IgA — secretory antibody in colostrum, saliva, tears, mucosa
• IgM — largest antibody (pentamer); first produced in primary immune response
• IgE — least abundant; involved in allergy and anti-parasitic response
• IgD — B-cell surface receptor; least well-characterised

Diagnostic tests for key diseases:

• Typhoid: Widal test
• HIV/AIDS: ELISA (screen) → Western blot (confirm)
• Malaria: blood smear (peripheral blood film) / rapid diagnostic test (RDT)
• Amoebiasis: stool microscopy
• Filariasis: blood smear for microfilariae (nocturnal periodicity)

Drug sources — botanical:

• Heroin (diacetylmorphine): Papaver somniferum (opium poppy)
• Cocaine: Erythroxylum coca
• Cannabinoids (THC): Cannabis sativa
• Nicotine: Nicotiana tabacum

Tumour suppressor genes tested in NEET:

• p53 (chromosome 17) — "guardian of the genome"
• Rb (retinoblastoma gene, chromosome 13)

HIV classification:

• Family: Retroviridae; Genus: Lentivirus
• Key enzyme: reverse transcriptase
• Target receptor: CD4 (also CCR5/CXCR4 co-receptors)