Part of JPC-06 — Chemical Kinetics: Rate Laws & Arrhenius Equation

Gas-Phase Kinetics

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For gas-phase first-order decompositions, pressure replaces concentration. General case: A(g) -> nB(g) (or multiple products with total n moles of gaseous products per mole of A). At t=0: PAP_A = P0P_0. At time t: x moles of A decompose. PAP_A = P0P_0 - x. Total product pressure = (sum of stoichiometric coefficients of products) * x. PtotalP_{total} = P0P_0 - x + nx = P0P_0 + (n-1)x. Therefore: x = PtP0(n1)\frac{P_t - P_0}{(n-1)}. PAP_A = P0P_0 - x = P0P_0 - PtP0(n1)\frac{P_t - P_0}{(n-1)} = nP0Pt(n1)\frac{nP_0 - P_t}{(n-1)}. For A -> B + C (n=2): PAP_A = 2P0P_0 - PtP_t. For A -> 3B (n=3): PAP_A = 3P0Pt2\frac{3P_0 - P_t}{2}. At completion (t -> inf): PinfP_{inf} = nP0nP_0 (all A converted to products). The rate constant: k = 2.303t\frac{2.303}{t}logP0PA\frac{P_0}{P_A}. This approach is used in JEE problems where pressure data is given instead of concentration data. Common trap: incorrectly accounting for stoichiometry when calculating PAP_A from PtotalP_{total}.

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