$word_{count}$: 180

First Law: mass deposited m = $\frac{MIt}{nF}$, where M = molar mass, I = current (A), t = time (s), n = electrons per ion, F = 96485 C/mol. Second Law: for cells in series, masses deposited are proportional to equivalent weights $\frac{M}{n}$. Key values: 1 F deposits 108 g Ag (n=1), 31.75 g Cu (n=2), 9 g Al (n=3). Volume of gas at STP: H2 from 2 F = 22.4 L (1 mol); O2 from 4 F = 22.4 L (1 mol). The ratio V(H2):V(O2) = 2:1 in water electrolysis. Practical applications: electroplating (object = cathode), electrorefining (impure = anode, pure = cathode), electroextraction (molten salt electrolysis for reactive metals). Current efficiency = actual yield / theoretical yield * 100%.