Classical: P(A) = n(S), P(A') = 1-P(A) Addition: P(A union B) = P(A)+P(B)-P(A intersect B) Conditional: P(A|B) = P(B) Multiplication: P(A intersect B) = P(A)*P(B|A) Independence: P(A intersect B) = P(A)*P(B) Total Probability: P(A) = sum P(A|)*P() Bayes': P(|A) = P(A|)*P P(A|)*P()
Binomial Distribution X ~ B(n,p):
- PMF: P(X=r) = C(n,r)**q^(n-r)
- Mean: E(X) = np
- Variance: Var(X) = npq
- Mode: floor((n+1)p) or two values if (n+1)p is integer
- Sum: sum P(X=r) = 1
Inclusion-Exclusion (3 events): P(A union B union C) = P(A)+P(B)+P(C)-P(AB)-P(BC)-P(AC)+P(ABC)
Counting:
- Permutations: nPr = n!/(n-r)!
- Combinations: nCr = n!/(r!(n-r)!)
- With replacement:
Expected Value: E(aX+b) = aE(X)+b Variance: Var(aX+b) = *Var(X)
Geometric: P(X=k) = q^(k-1)*p (first success on kth trial)