Part of ES-02 — Current Electricity

Current Electricity: Complete Formula Reference with Dimensional Analysis

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Current: I=Qt=neAvd[A]I = \frac{Q}{t} = neAv_d \quad [\text{A}]

Drift Velocity: vd=eEτm=IneA[LT1]v_d = \frac{eE\tau}{m} = \frac{I}{neA} \quad [\text{LT}^{-1}]

Current Density: J=IA=nevd=σE[AL2]J = \frac{I}{A} = nev_d = \sigma E \quad [\text{AL}^{-2}]

Resistance and Resistivity: R=VI=ρlA[ML2T3A2]R = \frac{V}{I} = \frac{\rho l}{A} \quad [\text{ML}^2\text{T}^{-3}\text{A}^{-2}] ρ=RAl=mne2τ[ML3T3A2]\rho = \frac{RA}{l} = \frac{m}{ne^2\tau} \quad [\text{ML}^3\text{T}^{-3}\text{A}^{-2}] σ=1ρ=ne2τm[M1L3T3A2]\sigma = \frac{1}{\rho} = \frac{ne^2\tau}{m} \quad [\text{M}^{-1}\text{L}^{-3}\text{T}^3\text{A}^2]

Temperature Dependence: R=R0(1+αΔT)α in [K1]R = R_0(1 + \alpha \Delta T) \quad \alpha \text{ in [K}^{-1}\text{]}

Power and Energy: P=VI=I2R=V2R[ML2T3]P = VI = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R} \quad [\text{ML}^2\text{T}^{-3}] W=VIt=I2Rt[ML2T2]W = VIt = I^2Rt \quad [\text{ML}^2\text{T}^{-2}]

EMF and Terminal Voltage: V=εIr (discharge);V=ε+Ir (charge)[ε]=[ML2T3A1]V = \varepsilon - Ir \text{ (discharge)}; \quad V = \varepsilon + Ir \text{ (charge)} \quad [\varepsilon] = [\text{ML}^2\text{T}^{-3}\text{A}^{-1}]

Maximum Power Transfer: Pmax=ε24r when R=rP_{\max} = \frac{\varepsilon^2}{4r} \text{ when } R = r

Kirchhoff's Signs: ΔV(resistor, with I)=IR;ΔV(cell, - to +)=+ε\Delta V_{\text{(resistor, with I)}} = -IR; \quad \Delta V_{\text{(cell, - to +)}} = +\varepsilon

Wheatstone Bridge: PQ=RSIg=0\frac{P}{Q} = \frac{R}{S} \Rightarrow I_g = 0

Metre Bridge: RS=l100l;l=100l (on interchange)\frac{R}{S} = \frac{l}{100-l}; \quad l' = 100 - l \text{ (on interchange)}

Potentiometer: ε1ε2=l1l2;r=R ⁣(l1l2l2);ε=kl\frac{\varepsilon_1}{\varepsilon_2} = \frac{l_1}{l_2}; \quad r = R\!\left(\frac{l_1 - l_2}{l_2}\right); \quad \varepsilon = kl

Joule Heating: H=I2Rt[ML2T2]H = I^2Rt \quad [\text{ML}^2\text{T}^{-2}]

Series/Parallel Ratio: PparallelPseries=n2 (n identical resistors, same battery)\frac{P_{\text{parallel}}}{P_{\text{series}}} = n^2 \text{ (n identical resistors, same battery)}

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