Circulatory Disorders — Causes, Features, and NEET Points — Summary | NoteTube

Disorder	Cause	Hallmark Feature	NEET Point
Hypertension	Persistently elevated BP (>140/90 mmHg); multifactorial (diet, genetics, stress)	"Silent killer" — usually asymptomatic until organ damage (stroke, MI, kidney failure)	Normal BP = 120/80; hypertension = >140/90
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)	Atherosclerosis (lipid plaque) narrows coronary artery lumen	Reduced blood supply to myocardium; may cause angina or MI	Coronary arteries arise from aorta; fill during diastole
Angina Pectoris	Temporary insufficient $O_{2}$ supply to myocardium during exertion	Acute chest pain during exertion, relieved by rest or nitroglycerin; no permanent cell death	Reversible ischemia — distinguish from MI
Myocardial Infarction (MI)	Prolonged complete coronary occlusion (thrombus on ruptured plaque)	Irreversible cardiac muscle cell death; ST elevation on ECG; cardiac biomarkers elevated	"Heart attack" — permanent damage; different from angina
Heart Failure (CHF)	Heart cannot pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic needs	Breathlessness, fatigue, peripheral edema; left-sided → pulmonary edema; right-sided → peripheral edema	Can be left or right-sided with different clinical signs
Erythroblastosis Fetalis	Rh-negative mother sensitized by Rh-positive foetus; anti-Rh IgG crosses placenta	Foetal haemolysis → anaemia, jaundice, foetal hydrops; occurs in 2nd+ pregnancies	Prevention = RhoGAM within 72 hrs of first delivery
Atherosclerosis	LDL deposition in arterial walls → foam cells → plaque	Arterial wall thickening and narrowing; plaque rupture → thrombosis	Underlying cause of CAD, MI, and stroke
Thrombocytopenia	Low platelet count (<1.5 lakh/ $mm^{3}$ ); causes: dengue, ITP, bone marrow disease	Increased bleeding tendency; prolonged clotting time	Associated with dengue fever in clinical NEET context