1. **$O_{2}$ is paramagnetic** (bond order = 2, two unpaired $e^{-}$ in π*2p) — MOT predicts this correctly; VBT does not.
2. **Steric number = σ bonds + lone pairs** determines hybridization; the molecular shape is obtained after removing lone pairs.
3. **$XeF_{2}$ is linear** ($sp^{3}$d, 3 lone pairs equatorial); **$XeF_{4}$ is square planar** ($sp^{3}$$d^{2}$, 2 lone pairs both axial).
4. **Zero dipole moment** requires symmetric geometry with no lone pair on the central atom (C$O_{2}$, $BF_{3}$, $CCl_{4}$, $SF_{6}$).
5. **MO filling order switches at Z = 7/8 boundary:** $N_{2}$ has π2p before σ2p; $O_{2}$ has σ2p before π2p.$
Part of PC-03 — Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure — 5 Must-Know Facts
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