All Endocrine Disorders — Quick-Reference Table — Summary

Disorder	Gland	Hormone	Hypo/Hyper	Hallmark Feature	Age
Pituitary dwarfism	Anterior pituitary	GH	Hyposecretion	Proportionate short stature, normal IQ	Childhood
Gigantism	Anterior pituitary	GH	Hypersecretion	Excessive proportionate height	Childhood (plates open)
Acromegaly	Anterior pituitary	GH	Hypersecretion	Enlarged hands, feet, jaw; NO height increase	Adult (plates fused)
Cretinism	Thyroid	T3/T4	Hyposecretion	Stunted growth, irreversible mental retardation	Childhood (congenital)
Myxoedema	Thyroid	T3/T4	Hyposecretion	Puffy face, low BMR, weight gain	Adult
Graves' disease	Thyroid	T3/T4	Hypersecretion (TSI)	Exophthalmos, weight loss, high BMR	Any
Simple goitre	Thyroid	T3/T4	Hyposecretion (iodine)	Enlarged thyroid (compensatory hyperplasia)	Any (endemic)
Addison's disease	Adrenal cortex	Cortisol + Aldosterone	Hyposecretion	Hyperpigmentation, hypoglycaemia, low BP	Adult
Cushing's syndrome	Adrenal cortex	Cortisol	Hypersecretion	Moon face, buffalo hump, hyperglycaemia	Adult
Conn's syndrome	Adrenal cortex	Aldosterone	Hypersecretion	Hypertension, hypokalaemia, low renin	Adult
Phaeochromocytoma	Adrenal medulla	Adrenaline/NA	Hypersecretion	Episodic hypertension, palpitations, sweating	Any
Type 1 DM	Pancreas (β-cells)	Insulin	Absent (autoimmune)	Hyperglycaemia, ketoacidosis, weight loss	Child/young adult
Type 2 DM	Pancreas/target cells	Insulin	Resistance	Hyperglycaemia, obesity association	Adult
Diabetes insipidus	Posterior pituitary	ADH	Hyposecretion	Massive dilute polyuria, normal glucose	Any
Tetany	Parathyroid	PTH	Hyposecretion	Hypocalcaemia, carpopedal spasm	Any
CAH	Adrenal cortex	Cortisol	Deficiency (enzyme)	Excess androgens, virilisation	Congenital