• $summary_{type}$: concept
• $word_{count}$: 160

Alternating current varies sinusoidally: V(t) = $V_0$ sin(omegat). The peak value $V_0$ is the maximum instantaneous voltage. The RMS value $V_{rms}$ = $\frac{V_0}{sqrt}$(2) is the effective value — an AC source of $V_{rms}$ delivers the same power to a resistor as $V_{rms}$ of DC. The mean value over a full cycle is zero; over a half cycle it is 2$V_0$/pi. Indian household supply: $V_{rms}$ = 220 V, $V_0$ = 311 V, f = 50 Hz, omega = 100pi rad/s. For a square wave of amplitude $V_0$, $V_{rms}$ = $V_0$ (since $V^2$ is constant). For a triangular wave, $V_{rms}$ = $\frac{V_0}{sqrt}$(3). These relationships are derived from $V_{rms}$ = sqrt($\frac{1}{T}$*integral of $V^2$ dt). JEE frequently tests conversions between peak, RMS, and mean values, especially comparing power delivered by different waveforms through the same resistor.