[NEET 2020 Pattern] Which of the following combinations represents India's four biodiversity hotspots?

[NEET 2021 Pattern — A&R] Read the following: Assertion (A): Sacred groves are protected by religious and cultural traditions of local communities. Reason (R): Sacred groves represent ex-situ conservation as they are managed by humans.

[NEET 2022 Pattern] If the Z value for a set of islands is 0.8 and for a continent is 0.15, how will a 90% reduction in area affect species richness differently between the two?

[Diagram-Based] In a log S vs. log A graph of the species-area relationship, two straight lines are plotted — one steep and one shallow. The steep line represents:

[NEET 2019 Pattern] The species-area relationship was described by Alexander von Humboldt and is given by the equation log S = log C + Z log A. In this equation, for a given continent, Z is usually: