Part of JMAG-01 — Magnetic Effects: Biot-Savart & Ampere's Law

Toroid — The Bent Solenoid

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A toroid (solenoid bent into a ring) with NN total turns and mean radius rr: inside the toroid B=μ0NI/(2πr)B = \mu_0 NI/(2\pi r). Outside (both inside the hole and outside the ring): B=0B = 0. Unlike a solenoid, the field varies within the cross-section (B1/rB \propto 1/r). For a thin toroid (RinnerRouterR_{\text{inner}} \approx R_{\text{outer}}), BB is approximately uniform. The field inside the empty space enclosed by the toroid is zero — this is a common trap.

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