Structural Diagrams of Key Compounds

SMILES: CC(=O)Nc1ccccc1

Structure: CH3-CO-NH-C6H5 (N-phenylethanamide)

Prepared by: Aniline (Nc1ccccc1) + Acetic anhydride ((CH3CO)2O) --[glacial AcOH, heat]--> Acetanilide + CH3COOH

SMILES: CC(=O)Nc1ccc([N+](=O)[O-])cc1

Prepared by: Acetanilide + HNO3/H2SO4 (nitrating mixture, cold) → p-Nitroacetanilide (major) + o-Nitroacetanilide (minor)

Why para preferred: Steric hindrance at ortho positions adjacent to -NHCOCH3 group (bulky acetamido).

SMILES: C(I)(I)I (CHI3, triiodomethane)

Prepared by: CH3COCH3 (or C2H5OH) + I2/NaOH → CHI3 (yellow crystals) + CH3COO- + 2I- + H2O

SMILES: OC(=O)C(=O)O (ethanedioic acid, HOOC-COOH)

Dicarboxylic acid, used as primary standard in KMnO4 titration.

$H_2C_2O_4 \xrightarrow{KMnO_4 / H_2SO_4, 60-70°C} 2CO_2 + 2H^+ + 2e^-$

Formula: Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (ferric ferrocyanide)

Formation: NaCN (from Lassaigne) + FeSO4 + NaOH → Na4[Fe(CN)6] → + H2SO4 → Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (intense blue ppt)

Formula: Fe(SCN)3

Formation: FeCl3 + 3NaSCN → Fe(SCN)3 (blood-red) + 3NaCl

This forms in Lassaigne's test when both N and S are present.