Part of CALC-01 — Limits & Continuity

Standard Limits — The Essential List

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  1. lim(x->0) sinxx\frac{x}{x} = 1 [x must be in radians]
  2. lim(x->0) tanxx\frac{x}{x} = 1
  3. lim(x->0) 1cosxx\frac{1 - cos x}{x}^2 = 1/2
  4. lim(x->0) sin^(-1)xx\frac{x}{x} = 1
  5. lim(x->0) tan^(-1)xx\frac{x}{x} = 1
  6. lim(x->0) ex1x\frac{e^x - 1}{x} = 1
  7. lim(x->0) ax1x\frac{a^x - 1}{x} = ln(a), where a > 0, a != 1
  8. lim(x->0) ln1+xx\frac{1 + x}{x} = 1
  9. lim(x->0) (1 + x)^1x\frac{1}{x} = e
  10. lim(x->infinity) (1 + 1/x)^x = e
  11. lim(x->a) xnan(xa)\frac{x^n - a^n}{(x - a)} = n * a^(n-1) for all real n
  12. lim(x->0) (1 + kx)^1x\frac{1}{x} = eke^k

Generalized forms:

  • lim(x->0) sin(f(x))/f(x) = 1, provided f(x)->0
  • lim(x->0) (e^(f(x)) - 1)/f(x) = 1, provided f(x)->0
  • lim(x->0) [f(x)]^(g(x)) when f->1, g->infinity: use e^(lim g(x)(f(x)-1))

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