Part of CALC-10 — Integration: Advanced Techniques & Reduction

Special Techniques — Differentiation Under the Integral Sign

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Leibniz integral rule: d/da integral(alpha(a) to beta(a)) f(x,a) dx = integral(alpha to beta) dfda\frac{df}{da} dx + f(beta,a)*beta'(a) - f(alpha,a)*alpha'(a)

Feynman's technique: Introduce a parameter, differentiate with respect to it, evaluate the simpler integral, then integrate back.

Example: Compute integral(0 to 1) xa1ln\frac{x^a - 1}{ln}(x) dx. Let I(a) = integral(0 to 1) xa1ln\frac{x^a - 1}{ln}(x) dx. Then I(0) = 0. I'(a) = integral(0 to 1) xax^a dx = 1a+1\frac{1}{a+1}. I(a) = ln(a+1) + C. I(0) = 0 gives C = 0. So I(a) = ln(a+1).

JEE relevance: Occasionally tested in JEE Advanced. The technique is powerful but rarely needed for JEE Main.

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