Part of CALC-04 — Indefinite Integration

Special Integration Formulas

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*Formula 1: exe^x[f(x) + f'(x)] = exe^xf(x) + C This is the most tested special form in JEE. Proof: d/dx[exe^x*f(x)] = exe^x*f(x) + exe^x*f'(x) = exe^x[f(x) + f'(x)].

Examples:

  • integral exe^x(sin(x) + cos(x)) dx = exe^x*sin(x) + C [f = sin(x)]
  • integral exe^x(1/x + ln(x)) dx = exe^x*ln(x) + C [f = ln(x)]
  • integral e^x$$\frac{(1+x}{(1+x^2)} + (1-x)^21+x2\frac{2}{1+x^2}^2) dx: need to identify f and f' carefully
  • integral exe^x(11+x2\frac{1}{1+x^2} - 2x1+x2\frac{x}{1+x^2}^2) dx = e^x1+x2\frac{x}{1+x^2} + C [f = 11+x2\frac{1}{1+x^2}]

Formula 2: Completing the Square For integral 1ax2+bx+c\frac{1}{ax^2+bx+c} dx or integral 1/sqrt(ax2+bx+cax^{2+bx+c}) dx: Write ax2+bx+cax^{2+bx+c} = a[(x+b/2a)^2 + (c/a - b2b^2/4a2a^2)] Then apply arctan or log/arcsin standard forms.

Formula 3: Linear/Quadratic Split integral px+q(ax2+bx+c)\frac{px+q}{(ax^2+bx+c)} dx: Write px+q = p2a\frac{p}{2a}(2ax+b) + (q - pb/2a) First part gives log, second part gives arctan (after completing the square).

Formula 4: integral sqrt(ax2+bx+cax^{2+bx+c}) dx Complete the square to get sqrt((x+alpha)^2 +/- beta2beta^2) form, then use standard results.

Formula 5: Reduction Formulas

  • integral sinnsin^n(x) dx = -(sin^(n-1)(x)*cos(x))/n + (n1n\frac{(n-1}{n})*integral sin^(n-2)(x) dx
  • integral cosncos^n(x) dx = (cos^(n-1)(x)*sin(x))/n + (n1n\frac{(n-1}{n})*integral cos^(n-2)(x) dx
  • integral xnx^n*e^(ax) dx = (xnx^n*e^(ax))/a - na\frac{n}{a}*integral x^(n-1)*e^(ax) dx

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