Part of JPC-01 — Chemical Bonding: VSEPR, VBT & MOT

Sigma and Pi Bond Counting

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Every single bond is 1 sigma bond. Every double bond is 1 sigma + 1 pi. Every triple bond is 1 sigma + 2 pi. This is universal — no exceptions. In a molecule like HCN (H-C triple-bond N), there are 2 sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds. In CH2=CH-CN, count: C-H (x3 sigma), C=C (1 sigma + 1 pi), C-C (1 sigma), C triple-bond N (1 sigma + 2 pi) = 6 sigma + 3 pi. Coordinate bonds also count as sigma bonds for hybridisation purposes. In benzene (C6H6), there are 12 sigma bonds (6 C-C + 6 C-H) and 3 pi bonds (alternating double bonds, or 3 delocalised pi bonds).

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