Part of JWAVE-01 — Simple Harmonic Motion

SHM of a Floating Body

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When a floating body of mass mm and cross-sectional area AA is pushed down slightly by distance xx in a liquid of density ρ\rho, the extra buoyant force is ρAgx\rho Agx, which acts as a restoring force. The resulting SHM has T=2πm/(ρAg)T = 2\pi\sqrt{m/(\rho Ag)}. For a uniform cylinder: m=ρbodyAhm = \rho_{\text{body}} \cdot A \cdot h (where hh is total height), so T=2πρbodyh/(ρg)T = 2\pi\sqrt{\rho_{\text{body}} h/(\rho g)}. This is a favorite JEE problem type combining fluid mechanics with oscillations.

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