Part of JPC-04 — Chemical Thermodynamics: Enthalpy, Entropy & Gibbs

Relationship Between delta_G, K, and E_cell

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delta_G_{standard} = -RT ln(K) = -nFEstandardnFE_{standard}. These three quantities are interconnected: if deltaGdelta_G < 0, then K > 1 and E > 0 (spontaneous forward reaction). If deltaGdelta_G > 0, then K < 1 and E < 0. At equilibrium: deltaGdelta_G = 0 (not delta_G_{standard}). delta_G_{standard} tells us about standard conditions; deltaGdelta_G tells us about actual conditions. deltaGdelta_G = delta_G_{standard} + RT ln(Q). When Q < K: deltaGdelta_G < 0 (forward). When Q > K: deltaGdelta_G > 0 (reverse). When Q = K: deltaGdelta_G = 0 (equilibrium).

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