Complete Mnemonic Collection for CB-02

1. BIOMOLECULE CLASSES — "Cells Love Proper Nutrition"

• Carbohydrates (energy), Lipids (membranes), Proteins (enzymes/structure), Nucleic acids (genetic information)

2. SIX ENZYME CLASSES — "Over The Hill Lies Ice Lake"

• O = Oxidoreductases (EC 1)
• T = Transferases (EC 2)
• H = Hydrolases (EC 3)
• L = Lyases (EC 4)
• I = Isomerases (EC 5)
• L = Ligases (EC 6)

3. POLYSACCHARIDE LINKAGES — "Alpha Stores, Beta Supports"

• Alpha-glycosidic = Storage polysaccharides (Starch, Glycogen)
• Beta-glycosidic = Structural polysaccharides (Cellulose, Chitin)

4. DISACCHARIDES — "Sugar Loves Milk"

• Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose (table sugar, "Sweet")
• Lactose = Galactose + Glucose (milk sugar, "Lactase/Lacto")
• Maltose = Glucose + Glucose (malt sugar, "Malt = double glucose")

5. COFACTOR TRIO — "Come Play Music"

• Coenzymes (organic, loosely bound — N$AD^{+}$, FAD)
• Prosthetic groups (tightly/covalently bound — haem)
• Metal ions ($Zn^{2+}$, $Mn^{2+}$, $Cu^{2+}$)

6. APOENZYME FORMULA — "A plus C equals H"

• Apoenzyme + Cofactor = Holoenzyme

7. PROTEIN STRUCTURE LEVELS — "Primary: Pigs, Secondary: Sigh, Tertiary: Turn, Quaternary: Quite"

• Primary = Peptide bonds (backbone covalent)
• Secondary = H-bonds (backbone) = alpha-helix, beta-sheet
• Tertiary = Disulphide, hydrophobic, ionic, H-bonds (R-groups)
• Quaternary = Multiple subunits (haemoglobin = 4 subunits)

8. DNA vs RNA — "DNA is Stable, RNA is Reactive"

• DNA = Deoxyribose, Thymine, Double-stranded, Stable
• RNA = Ribose, Uracil, Single-stranded (usually), Reactive

9. BASE PAIR H-BONDS — "AT = 2, GC = 3"

• Think: G-C is a triple relationship (3 H-bonds)
• More GC = more stable = higher melting temperature

10. COMPETITIVE INHIBITION — "3C Rule"

• Competitive: Competes at active site, Can be overcome, Changes Km (increases), Constant Vmax

11. COENZYME VITAMINS — "NAD = Niacin, FAD = Riboflavin"

• N$AD^{+}$ ← Niacin (Vitamin B3). "Nicotinamide from Niacin"
• FAD ← Riboflavin (Vitamin B2). "Flavin from riboFlavin"

12. HAEMOGLOBIN SUBUNITS — "2+2=4"

• 2 alpha chains + 2 beta chains = 4 subunits total
• Each subunit has 1 haem group → total 4 oxygen-binding sites