Topic: All Key Mnemonics for NEET Examination

Mnemonic 1: PEA — Molecular Diagnostics

P = PCR → amplifies DNA (even 1 copy, early HIV, prenatal) E = ELISA → enzyme-linked color change (antigens/antibodies; HIV, hepatitis B, pregnancy) A = Autoradiography → radioactive probes on membrane $\frac{Southern}{Northern blot}$

"Eat a PEA to diagnose: PCR for genes, ELISA for proteins, Autoradiography for sequences on film"

Mnemonic 2: Cry Gene-Crop — "1AC-2AB = Cotton; 1AB = Corn"

• cry1AC and cry2AB → Cotton (Cotton = two genes, has both A/C and A/B variants)
• cry1AB → Corn (1A for Borer = corn Borer) "Cotton is Complex — two genes; Corn is Clean — one gene"

Mnemonic 3: NTB — India's Biopiracy Cases

N = Neem (fungicidal use — European company patent — EPO revoked) T = Turmeric (wound healing — University of Mississippi — USPTO revoked, Sanskrit texts as prior art) B = Basmati rice (RiceTec — USPTO claims narrowed) "India's National Treasure Bio-resources: NTB pirated, India fought back"

Mnemonic 4: GRAT — Transgenic Animal Uses

G = Generate therapeutic proteins (pharming — Rosie, sheep) R = Research disease models (cancer, Alzheimer in mice) A = Assess vaccine safety (immune response testing) T = Test toxicity (pharmacotoxicology) "GRAT animals help science"

Mnemonic 5: ADA Gene Therapy — LRVB

L = Lymphocytes harvested R = Retroviral vector delivers ADA gene V = Verified (transduced) cells reinfused B = Bone marrow transplant = permanent cure "LRVB — Lymphocytes Receive Vector, Bone = permanent"

Mnemonic 6: Insulin Chain Sizes — "A21, B30"

A = 1st letter = A chain = 21 amino acids (A before B in alphabet; 2 and 1 are the two digits of 21) B = 2nd letter = B chain = 30 amino acids (B is 2nd; 30 = 3+0 = 3 = third letter C? No — just remember B = 30 = bigger) "A = 21 (smaller), B = 30 (bigger)" — B is Bigger

Mnemonic 7: Bt Toxin Safety — "PAIR"

PH: Human stomach is acidic (protoxin not dissolved); insect midgut is alkaline (protoxin dissolves) Activation: requires alkaline pH — absent in humans Inert: inside bacterium — harmless in crystalline form Receptors: human cells lack the specific midgut epithelial receptor "PAIR of safety mechanisms"