Misconceptions Note — True/False Table — Notes | NoteTube

Statement	T/F	Correction (if False)
Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondrial matrix	F	Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol)
Glycolysis requires oxygen to proceed	F	Glycolysis does NOT require oxygen; it is common to aerobic and anaerobic respiration
The TCA cycle is a linear pathway	F	TCA is a CYCLIC pathway — OAA is regenerated at the end of each turn
$FADH_{2}$ produces 3 ATP in the ETS	F	$FADH_{2}$ produces only 2 ATP (enters at Complex II, bypassing Complex I)
Fermentation produces 38 ATP per glucose	F	Fermentation produces only 2 ATP (glycolysis only); 38 ATP requires aerobic respiration
Pyruvate is a direct substrate of the TCA cycle	F	Pyruvate must first be converted to acetyl CoA (via oxidative decarboxylation) before entering the TCA cycle
The RQ for fats is greater than 1.0	F	RQ for fats ≈ 0.7 (less than 1.0); organic acids have RQ > 1.0
Peter Mitchell proposed the ATP cycle	F	Peter Mitchell proposed the CHEMIOSMOTIC HYPOTHESIS (proton gradient drives ATP synthesis)
Complex II pumps protons into the intermembrane space	F	Complex II does NOT pump protons; only Complexes I, III, and IV are proton pumps
The TCA cycle is purely catabolic	F	The TCA cycle is AMPHIBOLIC — both catabolic and anabolic
Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by yeast	F	Yeast carry out ALCOHOLIC fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation is in muscles and Lactobacillus
Cytochrome c is a lipid-soluble mobile carrier	F	Cytochrome c is WATER-SOLUBLE (peripheral protein in intermembrane space). Ubiquinone is lipid-soluble.
Aerobic respiration releases no $CO_{2}$ in glycolysis	T	Glycolysis produces NO $CO_{2}$ . $CO_{2}$ is released only in oxidative decarboxylation and TCA cycle.
NADH yields more ATP than $FADH_{2}$ in the ETS	T	NADH → 3 ATP; $FADH_{2}$ → 2 ATP
The TCA cycle occurs twice per glucose molecule	T	Two acetyl CoA molecules enter per glucose, so the TCA cycle completes two turns per glucose
Molecular oxygen is required only at Complex IV	T	$O_{2}$ is the final electron acceptor at Complex IV; not directly involved in Complexes I, II, or III
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex requires Vitamin $B_{1}$	T	TPP (from vitamin $B_{1}$ /thiamine) is an essential cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
The net ATP yield of glycolysis is 4 ATP	F	GROSS yield is 4 ATP; NET yield = 4 − 2 (invested) = 2 ATP
Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in the ETS	F	Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in glycolysis and TCA cycle. ETS uses OXIDATIVE phosphorylation.
RQ of carbohydrates is 1.0 because equal $CO_{2}$ and $O_{2}$ volumes are exchanged	T	$C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$ + 6 $O_{2}$ → 6 $CO_{2}$ + $6H_{2}O$ ; 6 $CO_{2}$ / 6 $O_{2}$ = 1.0