✗ "3° amines are the strongest bases in all conditions" ✓ Only in gas phase. In aqueous solution, 2° > 1° > 3° because solvation of $R_{3}NH^{+}$ is poor due to steric bulk.

✗ "Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a general method for all amines" ✓ It is ONLY for primary aliphatic amines. ArX cannot undergo SN2, so $ArNH_{2}$ cannot be made. 2° and 3° amines also cannot be made.

✗ "The Hoffmann bromamide product has the same number of carbons as the amide" ✓ The product has ONE FEWER carbon. The carbonyl carbon is expelled as $Na_{2}CO_{3}$. $RCONH_{2}$ → $RNH_{2}$.

✗ "Carbylamine test works for all types of amines" ✓ Specific to PRIMARY (1°) amines ONLY. Isocyanide (RNC) forms only from $RNH_{2}$ + $CHCl_{3}$ + KOH.

✗ "Sandmeyer and Gattermann reactions use the same catalyst" ✓ Sandmeyer uses cuprous halide salts (CuCl, CuBr, CuCN); Gattermann uses metallic copper powder (Cu°).

✗ "Diazonium salts can be stored and used later" ✓ Diazonium salts are unstable above 5 °C and must be prepared fresh and used immediately (in situ).

✗ "Azo coupling with phenol requires acidic medium" ✓ Phenol coupling needs ALKALINE medium (to form phenoxide, the active nucleophile); acidic medium protonates the diazonium end.

✗ "Aniline couples with diazonium in alkaline medium" ✓ Coupling with aniline needs WEAKLY ACIDIC medium. Too alkaline converts aniline to Ph$NH^{-}$ (anion), which is less reactive.

✗ "Nitro reduction and Gabriel synthesis both give the same types of amines" ✓ Nitro reduction gives both $ArNH_{2}$ and $RNH_{2}$ non-selectively. Gabriel gives ONLY primary aliphatic amines.

✗ "Aniline is a stronger base than $NH_{3}$" ✓ Aniline (pKb ≈ 9.38) is a much WEAKER base than $NH_{3}$ (pKb ≈ 4.74) because resonance delocalises the lone pair.