"ABA stands for Abscission Acid" — Wrong. ABA = Abscisic Acid. While ABA promotes abscission, it is named for promoting abscission (and dormancy), not exclusively for it. Ethylene is actually more directly responsible for triggering abscission.

"Ethylene is a growth promoter only" — Wrong. Ethylene is both a promoter (ripening) and inhibitor (elongation in triple response). It is in a unique category.

"Short-day plants flower in summer because days are short in summer" — Wrong. In tropical/temperate climates, SUMMER has LONG days. SDPs flower in AUTUMN/WINTER when nights are long. The term is misleading.

"Cytokinins are made in leaves" — Partially wrong. Cytokinins are primarily synthesized in ROOTS and transported upward via xylem. Young leaves also produce some, but roots are the primary site.

"Vernalization is the same process as photoperiodism" — Wrong. Vernalization = cold treatment; photoperiodism = $\frac{light}{dark}$ cycle response. Completely different signals and mechanisms.

"Gibberellin is discovered from bacteria" — Wrong. Gibberellin was associated with the FUNGUS Gibberella fujikuroi (not a bacterium).

"All plants need vernalization to flower" — Wrong. Only specific plants (winter annuals, biennials) require vernalization. Summer annuals, tropical plants, and DNPs do not need vernalization.

"Phytochrome is present only in leaves" — Wrong. Phytochrome is present throughout the plant. However, LEAVES are the primary site of photoperiod PERCEPTION for photoperiodism.

"Auxin promotes growth, so more auxin = more growth always" — Wrong. Auxin shows a dose-response: optimal concentration promotes growth; above-optimal concentrations inhibit growth. This principle explains 2,4-D herbicide action.

"2,4-D is a natural plant hormone" — Wrong. 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a SYNTHETIC auxin. Natural auxin is IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid).

"Gibberellin only promotes elongation in stems" — Wrong. GA also breaks dormancy, induces alpha-amylase in barley, promotes bolting, and can induce parthenocarpy.

"Totipotency means all cells are identical" — Wrong. Totipotency means every cell has the genetic POTENTIAL to become any cell type. Differentiated cells are specialized but retain the full genome.

"ABA always inhibits all plant processes" — Wrong. ABA specifically inhibits growth and germination, but it promotes stomatal closure (a protective response) and abscission. It is an inhibitor of vegetative growth, not of all plant functions.

"Cytokinins were first found in animal DNA" — Partially misleading. Kinetin was found in HERRING SPERM DNA. Herring is an animal (fish), but kinetin was an artifact of DNA degradation. Natural plant cytokinins like zeatin are found in plants.

"Pr converts to Pfr in darkness" — Wrong. Pfr converts to Pr in darkness (dark reversion). In LIGHT (specifically red light), Pr converts to Pfr.

"Ethylene only promotes fruit ripening" — Wrong. Ethylene also promotes: abscission, triple response, feminization in cucumber, breaks seed dormancy, promotes root elongation at low concentrations.

"Florigen is ABA" — Wrong. Florigen is the hypothetical flower-promoting signal now identified as FT protein. ABA is not a flowering promoter; it is a stress hormone.