RAY OPTICS (OP-01)
                               │
          ┌────────────────────┼─────────────────────┐
          │                    │                     │
    REFLECTION             REFRACTION              PRISMS &
    & MIRRORS               & LENSES             INSTRUMENTS
          │                    │                     │
    ┌─────┴─────┐        ┌─────┴─────┐        ┌─────┴─────┐
  Plane       Spherical  Snell's   Thin Lens  Prisms    Optical
  Mirror      Mirrors    Law       Formula    (δ, δ_m)  Instruments
                │                    │              │
          ┌─────┴─────┐        ┌─────┴─────┐  ┌────┴─────┐
        Concave     Convex  Lensmaker's  Power  Dispersion  Simple
        (f<0)       (f>0)   Equation    P=1/f   ω=(nv-nr)/ Magnifier
          │                    │          │    (ny-1)       M=1+D/f
        Mirror              Convex    Concave      │
        Formula             (f>0)     (f<0)   ┌────┴──────┐
        1/v+1/u=1/f           │               │          │
          │              Always:         Compound   Astronomical
        m=-v/u           m=v/u          Microscope  Telescope
        (w/ minus)       (no minus)     M=-(L/fo)   M=-fo/fe
                                        (D/fe)      L=fo+fe
                    TIR
                ┌───┴───┐
               θ>θ_c   Dense→Rare
               BOTH needed
               sinθ_c=n2/n1
               Applications:
               Fibre, Diamond,
               Mirage, Prisms