Photosynthesis Master Mind Map

                        PHOTOSYNTHESIS
                        ($6CO_{2}$ + $12H_{2}O$ → Glucose + $6O_{2}$ + $6H_{2}O$)
                               |
             ┌─────────────────┼─────────────────┐
         PIGMENTS         LIGHT REACTIONS     DARK REACTIONS
             |                 |                    |
      ┌──────┴──────┐    ┌─────┴──────┐     ┌──────┴──────┐
   Primary      Accessory  Z-Scheme   Chemiosmosis  Calvin Cycle
   (Chl a)     (Chl b,   (PS II→PS I  ($CF_{0}$-$CF_{1}$)   (CRR stages)
               Carotenoids) → NADPH)    (ATP)           |
      |              |        |           |      ┌──────┼──────┐
   P680(PSII)   Photoprotect Photolysis  $H^{+}$     Carb   Red  Regen
   P700(PSI)    Broad absorb  ($H_{2}O$→$O_{2}$)  lumen→  C$O_{2}$+  PGA→ G3P→
                spectrum    Hill rxn   stroma  RuBP   G3P  RuBP
                                        |      =3PGA       |
                                     18ATP+            18ATP
                                     12NADPH          +12NADPH
                                                     /glucose
             ┌─────────────────────────────────┐
           TYPES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
                     |
        ┌────────────┼────────────┐
       C3           C4          CAM
    (RuBP+RuBisCO) (PEP+PEPcase) (PEP at night)
    3-PGA first   OAA first     Malic acid stored
    Photorespire  Kranz anatomy Night stomata
    20-25°C opt   30-40°C opt   Desert plants
    Wheat, Rice   Maize, Sugar  Cacti, Bryophyll

Hub Connections to Other Topics

• Plant Physiology: Water transport (stomata regulate both water loss + C$O_{2}$ entry)
• Respiration: Mirror process (glucose made here is broken down there)
• Genetics: RuBisCO is encoded by both nuclear (large subunit = nucleus; small subunit = chloroplast DNA)
• Ecology: Carbon cycle, $O_{2}$ atmosphere origin, C4 grassland ecology