Mind Map Tree

HUMAN HEALTH & DISEASE
│
├── INFECTIOUS DISEASES
│   ├── Bacterial
│   │   ├── Typhoid ── Salmonella typhi ── Widal test
│   │   └── Pneumonia ── S. pneumoniae / H. influenzae ── X-ray
│   ├── Viral
│   │   ├── Common cold ── Rhinovirus ── upper respiratory tract
│   │   └── AIDS ── HIV (retrovirus) ── CD4+ T-cells ── ELISA
│   ├── Protozoan
│   │   ├── Malaria ── Plasmodium ── Anopheles ── haemozoin ── blood smear
│   │   └── Amoebiasis ── Entamoeba histolytica ── large intestine ── stool microscopy
│   └── Helminth
│       ├── Ascariasis ── Ascaris lumbricoides ── small intestine ── stool exam
│       └── Filariasis ── Wuchereria bancrofti ── Culex ── elephantiasis ── night blood smear
│
├── IMMUNITY
│   ├── Innate (Non-specific)
│   │   ├── Physical ── skin, mucous membranes
│   │   ├── Physiological ── lysozyme, stomach acid
│   │   ├── Cellular ── NK cells, macrophages, neutrophils
│   │   └── Cytokine ── interferons
│   └── Adaptive (Specific)
│       ├── Humoral ── B-cells → plasma cells → antibodies (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM)
│       └── Cell-Mediated ── T-cells (helper, cytotoxic, suppressor)
│           ├── Active ── self-produced; slow; long-lasting; memory
│           └── Passive ── preformed; fast; short-lived; no memory
│
├── CANCER
│   ├── Carcinogens
│   │   ├── Physical ── UV, X-rays
│   │   ├── Chemical ── tobacco, aflatoxins
│   │   └── Biological ── HPV, EBV, HBV
│   ├── Genes
│   │   ├── Oncogenes (mutated proto-oncogenes) ── promote division
│   │   └── Tumor Suppressors (p53, Rb) ── inhibit division
│   ├── Types ── Benign (localized) vs Malignant (metastasis)
│   └── Treatment ── Surgery, Radiation, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy
│
└── DRUG ABUSE
    ├── Opioids ── Heroin (Papaver somniferum) ── CNS depressant
    ├── Cannabinoids ── Cannabis sativa ── cardiovascular effects
    ├── Cocaine ── Erythroxylum coca ── CNS stimulant ── blocks dopamine transport
    └── Tobacco ── Nicotiana tabacum ── lung cancer, emphysema