THERM-01
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   THERMODYNAMICS    KINETIC THEORY
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LAWS PROCESSES ENGINES  SPEEDS  DOF  PRESSURE
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  |  4 types Carnot  3types 3types P=⅓ρ$v^{2}$
  |  (IAII) η=1-$T_{2}$/$T_{1}$ vmp  mono   rms
  |         COP    vavg  dia
  |         Refrig vrms  poly
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First Law: Q=$\Delta U$+W
Zeroth Law: thermal equilibrium
Second Law: η<1, entropy↑
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  |___Processes___
       Isothermal: $\Delta U$=0, PV=const
       Adiabatic:  Q=0,  PV^γ=const
       Isochoric:  W=0,  P/T=const
       Isobaric:   V/T=const

Central Concept Connections

• First Law connects all processes: once you know the process type, two of {Q, W, $\Delta U$} determine the third.
• Second Law limits Carnot efficiency and gives entropy's direction.
• Kinetic Theory explains WHY temperature and pressure exist — they are macroscopic averages of molecular motion.
• Equipartition is the bridge: f DOF → Cᵥ → γ → process behaviour under PV^γ = const.