Part of JMAG-01 — Magnetic Effects: Biot-Savart & Ampere's Law

Magnetic Force on a Charged Particle vs. Current

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Force on a moving charge: F=qv×B\vec{F} = q\vec{v} \times \vec{B}. Force on a current element: dF=Idl×Bd\vec{F} = Id\vec{l} \times \vec{B}. The connection: current I=nAqvdI = nAqv_d, so Idl=nAqvddl=nAdlqvdId\vec{l} = nAqv_d dl = nA dl \cdot q\vec{v}_d. Both are manifestations of the Lorentz force. The magnetic force never does work on a charged particle (always perpendicular to velocity), but it CAN do work on a current-carrying wire (because internal energy of the battery is converted).

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