Sequence limits: lim(n->infinity) where n is a natural number. All limit laws apply. Key results:
- lim(n->infinity) 1/ = 0 for k > 0
- lim(n->infinity) = 0 if |r| < 1, = 1 if r = 1, diverges if |r| > 1
- lim(n->infinity) n^ = 1
- lim(n->infinity) (1/n!) = 0
- lim(n->infinity) (n!)^ = infinity
Sum-to-integral conversion (Riemann sums): lim(n->infinity) * sum(r=0 to n-1) f = integral from 0 to 1 of f(x) dx.
Example: lim(n->infinity) [ + + ... + ] = lim * sum(r=1 to n) = integral from 0 to 1 of dx = ln(2).
Recursive sequences: If a_(n+1) = f() and the sequence converges to L, then L = f(L). Solve this equation to find L. But first verify convergence (e.g., show the sequence is monotonic and bounded).
JEE Pattern: Riemann sum problems appear regularly. The key is recognizing the pattern * sum f and converting to an integral.