First Law (Orbits): Every planet moves in an ellipse with the Sun at one focus. The closest point to the Sun is the perihelion, the farthest is the aphelion.

Second Law (Areas): The line joining the planet and Sun sweeps equal areas in equal times. dA/dt = $\frac{L}{2m}$ = constant. This is equivalent to conservation of angular momentum. At perihelion, v is maximum; at aphelion, v is minimum.

Third Law (Periods): $T^2$ = (4pi^$\frac{2}{GM}$)$a^3$, where a is the semi-major axis. For circular orbits: a = r. This means $T^2$/$a^3$ is the same for all planets orbiting the same star.

JEE Application: Usually tested as $T1^2$/$T2^2$ = $r1^3$/$r2^3$ for two satellites around the same planet.