Adaptive Immune Response Flowchart

Passive Immunity Flowchart

Key Process Notes

• Innate immunity responds within MINUTES-HOURS; Adaptive takes DAYS-WEEKS
• Macrophages bridge innate → adaptive (APC function via MHC-II)
• Memory response (secondary) is dramatically faster and stronger than primary
• T-helper cells (CD4+) are the coordinators — HIV destroying them collapses both arms