Historical Development of p-Block Chemistry

Year	Scientist	Discovery / Development
1824	Jöns Jacob Berzelius	Isolated silicon (Si) from $SiF_{4}$ by reduction with potassium
1827	Hans Christian Ørsted / Friedrich Wöhler	First isolation of aluminium metal
1869	Dmitri Mendeleev	Predicted existence of "eka-boron" (Scandium) and "eka-aluminium" (Gallium) in Periodic Table
1886	Henri Moissan	Developed electric arc furnace; aided boron isolation attempts
1895	Lord Rayleigh / William Ramsay	Discovered argon; established inert gas group; clarified Group 15 boundary
1909	Fritz Haber	First laboratory synthesis of $NH_{3}$ from $N_{2}$ and $H_{2}$ at high pressure
1913	Carl Bosch (BASF)	Scaled up Haber process industrially — the "Haber-Bosch process"
1918	Fritz Haber	Nobel Prize in Chemistry for ammonia synthesis
1931	Wilhelm Ostwald	(Nobel 1909) — Ostwald process fully commercialised for $HNO_{3}$ production
1951	H. C. Brown / Georg Wittig	Organoboron chemistry developed (Nobel 1979) — boron as reagent
1985	Curl, Kroto, Smalley	Discovery of $C_{60}$ (buckminsterfullerene) — Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996
1991	Sumio Iijima	Discovery of carbon nanotubes (related to fullerene chemistry)
2004	Geim and Novoselov	Isolation of graphene (single layer of graphite) — Nobel Prize 2010