Cue Column | Note Column

AgCl appearance? | White precipitate

AgCl in NH3? | Soluble in dilute NH3 → forms [Ag(NH3)2]+ (diamminesilver complex)

AgBr appearance? | Pale yellow precipitate

AgBr in NH3? | Partially soluble in concentrated NH3 only (not dilute)

AgI appearance? | Yellow precipitate

AgI in NH3? | Completely insoluble in NH3 (neither dilute nor concentrated)

Why does solubility decrease Cl → I? | Covalent character of Ag-X bond increases from Cl to I (more overlap between Ag d-orbitals and larger halide p-orbitals), making AgI more covalent and less ionic, reducing solubility.

Can AgF be detected by this test? | No — AgF is water-soluble (no precipitate forms). Lassaigne's test cannot detect fluorine by precipitation.

Summary

Memory aid: "White Cl Solves, Pale Br Partially, Yellow I is Impossible" — colors darken, NH3 solubility decreases from Cl to I.