Glossary — Key Terms in OC-05 — Notes

Term	Definition	Example
Primary (1°) alcohol	Alcohol where C bonded to -OH has ≤1 alkyl group attached	Ethanol `SMILES:CCO`
Secondary (2°) alcohol	C bonded to -OH has exactly 2 alkyl groups	Propan-2-ol `SMILES:CC(O)C`
Tertiary (3°) alcohol	C bonded to -OH has 3 alkyl groups	2-methylpropan-2-ol `SMILES:CC(C)(C)O`
Phenol	Compound where -OH is directly bonded to benzene ring	`SMILES:Oc1ccccc1`, pKa ~10
Ether	Compound with R-O-R' linkage	Diethyl ether `SMILES:CCOCC`
PCC	Pyridinium chlorochromate ( $CrO_{3}$ ·HCl· $C_{5}H_{5}N$ ); mild oxidant, anhydrous	Converts 1° alcohol → aldehyde only
Saytzeff's rule	In elimination, the more substituted (stable) alkene forms preferentially	2-butanol → but-2-ene (major)
Lucas test	$ZnCl_{2}$ /conc. HCl test to distinguish alcohol types by turbidity time	3° immediate, 1° none at RT
Kolbe reaction	Carboxylation of sodium phenoxide with $CO_{2}$ under pressure → salicylic acid	`SMILES:OC(=O)c1ccccc1O`
Reimer-Tiemann	Formylation of phenol using $CHCl_{3}$ /NaOH via : $CCl_{2}$ → salicylaldehyde	`SMILES:O=Cc1ccccc1O`
Williamson synthesis	SN2 reaction of alkoxide with 1° alkyl halide → ether	NaOEt + EtBr → $Et_{2}O$
Dichlorocarbene	: $CCl_{2}$ , electrophilic intermediate in Reimer-Tiemann reaction	From $CHCl_{3}$ + NaOH
Phenoxide ion	$C_{6}H_{5}O^{-}$ , conjugate base of phenol; resonance-stabilized	More stable than alkoxide
Gem-diol	R-CH(OH)_{2}, hydrate of aldehyde; key intermediate in oxidation to acid	Forms in aqueous $KMnO_{4}$
Markovnikov's rule	In acid-catalyzed hydration, -OH adds to more substituted C of alkene	Propene → propan-2-ol