Part of ALG-03 — Sequences & Series (AP, GP, Special Series)

Geometric Progression -- Complete Reference

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FormulaExpressionCondition
nth termana_n = arn1ar^{n-1}
Sum of n termsSnS_n = arn1(r1)\frac{r^n - 1}{(r - 1)}r != 1
Sum of n termsSnS_n = a1rn(1r)\frac{1 - r^n}{(1 - r)}r != 1
Sum of n termsSnS_n = nar = 1
Sum to infinityS = a1r\frac{a}{1-r}|r| < 1
GP conditionb2b^2 = ac

Useful tricks:

  • For 3 terms in GP, assume a/r, a, ar (product = a3a^3)
  • For 4 terms in GP, assume a/r3r^3, a/r, ar, ar3ar^3 (common ratio = r2r^2)
  • Product of n terms of GP: P = (a1a_1 * ana_n)^{n/2} = ana^n * r^{nn12\frac{n-1}{2}}
  • If each term is multiplied by a constant, the sequence is still GP
  • Sum of infinite GP converges iff |r| < 1
  • r = (any term) / (preceding term)

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