Part of PC-08 — Chemical Kinetics

Formula Sheet: Integrated Rate Equations

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Zero Order

[A]=[A]0kt\boxed{[A] = [A]_0 - kt}

t1/2=[A]02kt_{1/2} = \frac{[A]_0}{2k}

Units of k: molL1s1\text{mol}\,\text{L}^{-1}\,\text{s}^{-1}

Linear plot: [A] vs t[A] \text{ vs } t → slope = k-k, intercept = [A]0[A]_0

Time to complete reaction: tcomplete=[A]0kt_{\text{complete}} = \frac{[A]_0}{k}

First Order

ln[A]=ln[A]0ktk=2.303tlog[A]0[A]\boxed{\ln[A] = \ln[A]_0 - kt} \quad \Leftrightarrow \quad \boxed{k = \frac{2.303}{t}\log\frac{[A]_0}{[A]}}

[A]=[A]0ekt[A] = [A]_0\,e^{-kt}

t1/2=0.693k=ln2kt_{1/2} = \frac{0.693}{k} = \frac{\ln 2}{k}

Units of k: s1\text{s}^{-1}

Linear plot: ln[A] vs t\ln[A] \text{ vs } t → slope = k-k, intercept = ln[A]0\ln[A]_0

Second Order (A → products)

1[A]=1[A]0+kt\boxed{\frac{1}{[A]} = \frac{1}{[A]_0} + kt}

t1/2=1k[A]0t_{1/2} = \frac{1}{k[A]_0}

Units of k: Lmol1s1\text{L}\,\text{mol}^{-1}\,\text{s}^{-1}

Linear plot: 1[A] vs t\frac{1}{[A]} \text{ vs } t → slope = +k+k (positive), intercept = 1[A]0\frac{1}{[A]_0}

Half-Life Summary

t1/2(0)=[A]02k(directly [A]0)t_{1/2}^{(0)} = \frac{[A]_0}{2k} \quad \text{(directly } \propto [A]_0\text{)}

t1/2(1)=0.693k(independent of [A]0)t_{1/2}^{(1)} = \frac{0.693}{k} \quad \text{(independent of } [A]_0\text{)}

t1/2(2)=1k[A]0(inversely [A]0)t_{1/2}^{(2)} = \frac{1}{k[A]_0} \quad \text{(inversely } \propto [A]_0\text{)}

General Units of k (nth order)

k=(molL)1ns1=mol1nLn1s1k = \left(\frac{\text{mol}}{\text{L}}\right)^{1-n} \cdot \text{s}^{-1} = \text{mol}^{1-n}\,\text{L}^{n-1}\,\text{s}^{-1}

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