Set A: Algae

1. The characteristic pigment of brown algae is ________ (fucoxanthin).
2. Red algae store food as ________ (floridean starch).
3. Agar is commercially obtained from ________ and ________ (Gelidium, Gracilaria).
4. The cell wall of Phaeophyceae contains cellulose plus ________ (algin).
5. Volvox is a ________ (colonial) green alga.
6. Spirogyra has a ________ (ribbon-shaped, spiral) chloroplast.
7. Chlorophyll a + c are found in ________ (Phaeophyceae).
8. ________ (Chara) is the most advanced green alga and is calcified.

Set B: Bryophytes

9. Bryophytes are called "________ of the plant kingdom" (amphibians).
10. The dominant phase in bryophytes is the ________ (gametophyte).
11. The sporophyte of bryophytes consists of ________, ________, and ________ (foot, seta, capsule).
12. Gemma cups are found in ________ (Marchantia).
13. The filamentous juvenile stage of moss gametophyte is called ________ (protonema).
14. Bryophytes lack ________ tissue (vascular).

Set C: Pteridophytes

15. The first vascular plants are ________ (pteridophytes).
16. The gametophyte of pteridophytes is called the ________ (prothallus).
17. Heterosporous pteridophytes: ________ and ________ (Selaginella, Salvinia).
18. Spores in ferns are produced in ________ grouped into ________ (sporangia, sori).
19. The dominant phase in pteridophytes is the ________ (sporophyte).

Set D: Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

20. Gymnosperm seeds are ________ (naked — not enclosed in fruit).
21. ________ is a living fossil gymnosperm with fan-shaped leaves (Ginkgo biloba).
22. Cycas produces the ________ ovules in the plant kingdom (largest).
23. ________ is both monoecious and bears needle-like leaves (Pinus).
24. Monocots have ________ venation; dicots have ________ venation (parallel, reticulate).
25. Double fertilization produces embryo (________ ) and endosperm (________) (2n, 3n).