Fill in the Blanks: Neural Control

Instructions: Cover the answer key at the bottom and fill in all blanks before checking.

1. The structural unit of the nervous system is the _______.
2. The cell body of a neuron is called _______ or _______.
3. Rough ER in the neuron soma is called _______ granules, responsible for _______.
4. In the PNS, myelin is formed by _______ cells; in the CNS by _______.
5. The gaps between successive Schwann cells are called _______ of _______.
6. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is _______ mV.
7. The Na+/K+ pump transports _______ Na+ OUT and _______ K+ IN per cycle.
8. During depolarization, _______ ions rush _______ $\frac{in}{out}$ through voltage-gated channels.
9. The peak of an action potential reaches approximately _______ mV.
10. During repolarization, _______ ions flow _______ $\frac{in}{out}$ of the cell.
11. The action potential follows the _______ principle.
12. In myelinated neurons, the AP jumps from node to node — this is called _______ conduction.
13. The width of the synaptic cleft is approximately _______ nm.
14. Ca2+ influx at the axon terminal triggers _______ of synaptic vesicles.
15. The three meninges from outer to inner are: _______, _______, _______.
16. The largest part of the forebrain is the _______.
17. The _______ is the major sensory relay centre (except for smell).
18. Thermoregulation and hunger are controlled by the _______.
19. The _______ coordinates voluntary movements but does NOT initiate them.
20. Vital involuntary functions (breathing, heart rate) are controlled by the _______.
21. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the _______ response; the parasympathetic mediates _______.
22. Rods contain the pigment _______, while cones contain _______.
23. Cones are concentrated at the _______, while rods are distributed _______.
24. The smallest bone in the human body is the _______, located in the _______ ear.
25. The ossicle order from tympanic membrane to oval window: _______ → _______ → _______.
26. The hearing receptor in the inner ear is the _______ of Corti, located in the _______.
27. Balance and equilibrium are maintained by the _______ apparatus.
28. The spinal cord gives rise to _______ pairs of spinal nerves.
29. Dopamine deficiency in the _______ is associated with _______ disease.
30. The reflex arc pathway: receptor → _______ neuron → _______ neuron → motor neuron → effector.